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1 The History of Orks 2 Later Versions 3 Physiology 3.1 The Waaagh! 4 Biology 4.1 Reproduction 4.2 Orkoid Subspecies 5 Da Boyz and Oddboyz 6 Society 6.1 Religion 6.2 Currency 6.3 Da Clanz 7 Technology 8 Ork Kultur 9 References 10 Background 11 Other Information 1 The History of Orks Orks first appeared in the Rogue Trader rulebook and the Space Orks boxed set, containing thirty plastic miniatures. These Orks were squat, powerfully muscled humanoids, wielding crude ballistic weaponry (usually blackpowder or other explosive projectile-based equivalant) and large 'stikbomz' or stick grenades; along with their helmets and other paraphernalia, these are apparently modelled on German equipment from WWI. 半兽人初次呈现Rogue Trader规则书（Rogue Trader rulebook）中和太空半兽人（Space Orks boxed set）套装中，搜罗30个塑料微缩模型。这些Oks呈蹲伏状，拥有壮实肌肉的类人形生物，摇晃着做工高明的射弹兵器（时时是基于发射黑火药或者其他髣的爆炸物）和大个的“棍子炸弹”或者说棒状手雷；他们还带着头盔和其他的装备，这些装备分明所以第一次全国大战中的德国兵为原型的。 Additional rules, cultural details, and painting guidelines were given in the later expansions Waagh Da Orks and 'Ere We Go!. An explanation for the combination of brutal stupidity with relatively high technology was now found: Orks had been created, in times long past, as a warrior race by the long-vanished Brain Boyz. (This theme recurs in recent editions, the Orks having been created to fight the Necrons in the war that shattered the galactic civilization that existed prior to the rise of the Eldar.) 其他的规则，文化布景细节，和涂装指南见于结尾的扩充材料《Waagh Da Orks》和《‘Ere We Go！》。当前有了一个周旋这个同化了残暴、莽撞和对比高的技能水平的种族的解释： 已经偃旗息鼓持久的Brain Boyz在许久许久之前制造出了兵士的种族半兽人。（这一主题在比来的版本中再次呈现，在那场破碎银河文明的交锋中，半兽人是为了同Necrons作战才被制造出来的，那场交锋以至比Eldar的呈现还要早）。 Orks are thus genetically engineered to be muscular, aggressive, and none too bright; their technology is maintained by a caste of Oddboyz who have genetic dispositions to do well at such tasks. Indeed, the Brain Boyz were apparently able to encode information on how to build simple machinery in the genetic strands of Orks; thus Mekboyz require very little training in their function, since they understand mechanical principles at an instinctive level. 因此，议决基因改革，半兽人体格康健，骁勇好战，并且不是很机灵；他们的技术由Oddboyz（Orks的一支，髣于Tau的种姓）传承，Oddboyz特别善于举行技术探讨，这一点写在了他们的基因里。结果上，BrainBoyz明显能够将创造粗略死板的办法算作基因音信编入Orks的基因序列中；因此Mekboyz实在不须要任何训练就能临蓐死板 ，因为默契死板的道理是他们的本能。 Other castes include Mad Doks (or Painboyz) who heal Orks (if they're lucky...) wounded in battle and Slaverz (or Runtherdz) who direct the efforts of the Gretchin. 其他的种姓收集Mad Doks （又称Painboyz Slaverz），医治受伤的Orks（倘使他们幸运的话…）和Slaverz（又称Runtherdz），他们领导小鬼头（Gretchin）事件 Waagh da Orks also informs us of the existence of more specialised castes such as Diggaboyz and Brewerz; however, as the game became more combat-oriented, these were dropped. Even Waagh da Orks gives no information on them other than their bare existence; it may be assumed that when the Orks go to war, these castes fight as ordinary, shoota-armed Boyz. 《Waagh da Orks》还告诉了我们更专长的种姓的生存：Diggaboyz和Brewerz；然而，当游戏变得更加以战斗为导向的时刻，这些都被马虎了。尽管是《Waagh da Orks》也是仅仅指出他们的生存而没有其他任何音信；也许我们也许推断，当Orks开仗的时刻，这些种姓也会算作普通的Boyz手持Shoota加入战斗。讲明：Rogue Trader rulebook ： The first rule book for the Warhammer 40,000 game, Rogue Trader was published in 1987 and writtern by Rick Priestly, and was quite different to future versions of the game. Largely a cross between Role Playing Games and Table Top Battle Games, rather than an out and out Table Top Battle Game, Rogue Trader contained much more background on the wider universe, races and technology found in the Warhammer 40k universe than later editions did, and for this reason is considered a prized collectors piece. The book is considered much less imperio-centric than later editions, as it employed a much broader spectrum of veiws within the narration than was common in future versions and proactively encouraged mixed faction forces. Rogue Trader（漂泊街市商人）规则书： 战锤40000游戏的首本规则书，出书于1987年，由Rick Priestly编写，和结果的版本有很大差别。这本书很大程度上是脚色饰演游戏（RPG）和桌面构兵游戏（Table Top Battle Games）的交织，而不是彻里彻外的桌面构兵游戏规则规则书。 比起结果的版本，Rogue Trader规则书包罗了更多的关于战锤40k的天下设定、种族和技术的背景质料，以是被奉为收藏家的珍品。 这本书远没有像结果的版本一致以帝国为核心，由于它以比结果版本更宽广的视角刻画了一个战锤的天下，而且早先引入了混编作战的观点。 Brain Boyz: 来历不明，无质料。Oddboyz are the Ork specialists who are born with the genetic information needed to build big guns, vehicles or perform surgery. These include: Mad Doks ，Herdas ，Mekboyz ，Pigdoks ，Slavers ，Wyrdboyz Each of these specialists often have their own special rules and are armed with fantastic weaponry that no other Orks carry. Other Oddboyz are Sumboyz, Yellerz, Diggaboyz and Brewboyz, all of which having an important role in Ork Kultur (although not on the battlefield). Oddboyz是Ork的大众，生来就具有创制枪支，车辆和举办外科手术必备的基因讯息。他们网罗： Mad Doks ，Herdas ，Mekboyz ，Pigdoks ，Slavers ，Wyrdboyz 这些大众寻常都有自己的奇异规则，装备有并世无双的奇异武器。其他的Oddboyz是Sumboyz, Yellerz, Diggaboyz和Brewboyz。他们都在Ork Kultur（Ork的社会？文化？）内里起着首要的功效。（纵然不是在疆场上）2 Later Versions游戏规则书的发展变化，不翻译了PhysiologyOrks的糊口生涯形而上学 Orks are green-skinned and green-blooded, a side effect of their symbiotic relationship with fungi (explained in more detail below). Orks are genetically engineered for combat, and quite efficiently so. They are extremely strong and their squat bodies can stand immense punishment. This is fortunate since the Painboyz operate on a generally nineteenth century level of surgical knowledge; unlike humans, though, Orks are quite capable of being beheaded, having the head sewn onto a different body, and surviving the experience to fight again. Orks拥有绿色的皮肤和绿色的血液——他们和真菌共生的一个副效用（下文细致描述）。Orks是专为战斗而经过议定基因工程创作发明出来的，究竟云云，他们极其强壮，并且他们蹲伏的身躯不妨抵挡多量的蹧蹋。这也要归功于Painboyz以19世纪外科手术技艺的调治。不像人类，Orks万万不怕被砍头，因为他们的头不妨长在另一个肉体上，假若活下来的话就不妨不停战斗。 They eat fungi of all kinds as well as meat. A particularly favoured ingredient in their diet are Squigs, short for 'Squiggly beasts' - a variety of symbiotic races about the size of a cat but legless. These include the 'Eatin Squig', a limbless blob which feeds on fungus, the 'Growler Squig', a legged variety used as a sheepdog for Gretchin (in third and fourth editions referred to as a 'Squighound' and available as an item of wargear), the 'Attack Squig' a powerfully voracious little beast available as an item of wargear, and the 'Face-eater Squig', a ferociously toothed variety used both as a weapon and for entries in face-eating contests (The Ork and the Squig both open their mouths and bite, in a parody of a kiss. If the Ork eats the Squig, he wins. If he keels over backwards, he loses.). There is also a larger sub-species of squig, called a Squiggoth that ranges in size from about that of an elephant to a 60-plus-foot monstrosity capable of stomping buildings into rubble. Squiggoths are used as pack animals and in combat as the carriers of mobile fortresses. And even larger form of Squiggoth exist, known as an Orkeosaurus, although so far this unit is only available in Epic Armageddon. 他们吃统统种类的真菌，也吃肉。Ork食谱上的头号美食就是史古格，“史古格兽”的简称——一种共生生物，猫般大小，只是没有腿。 史古格包括 “食用史古格”，一种无肢软体生物，以真菌为食； “嗥叫史古格”，长有腿，用作看管小鬼头的“牧羊犬”（在第三版和第四版规则书中成为“史古格猎犬”，作为接触装甲的一个部件）； “攻打史古格”，一种贪馋的小型野兽，作为接触装甲的一个强力部件； “吃脸史古格”，天性凶狠，有牙齿，同时作为火器和“吃脸比赛”的选手。（Ork和史古格都张开嘴对咬，貌似对接吻的精良仿效。倘若Ork吃掉了史古格，他就胜利。倘若他向后倒下，就失败。） 还有一个史古格亚种，就是史古格巨兽。大小处于一头大象的尺码到60多英尺之间。可能把建造物踹踏成渣。史古格巨兽被用作运输器材，在战斗中作为移动碉堡的承载者。 比起巨兽，以至还有一重更大的史古格生物，被称作Orkeosaurus，当前仅仅在哈米吉多顿史诗中可用。（Epic Armageddon是什么？） Orks grow all through their lives; the effect is particularly notable in successful Orks. As the Ork survives combats and wins trophies, the respect of other Orks will produce in him an effect somewhat similar to adolescence in the human male: He puts on muscle, becomes more aggressive and assertive, and generally throws his weight around. If he wins the ensuing challenges to single combat, he may become a Nob, a leader of Orks, noticeably larger and tougher than average. Once he begins to grow, an Ork will generally keep getting bigger and stronger until he is beaten by a bigger or more cunning Ork. Warbosses and Warlords, the rulers of continents and empires, are very large Orks indeed. Orks一辈子都在生长；这一浸染在获胜的Orks身上呈现尤甚。当此Ork从战斗中幸存后并应取了战利品之后，其他Ork对他的敬仰会形成在他体内形成一种似乎于男性芳华期的浸染：它会有更多的肌肉，变得更富攻打性，更一意孤行，各处招摇。假如他赢得了独斗的成功，他也许会形成一个垂老，Orks的元首，比日常的ork更大，更猛。一旦他开始生长，直到被一个更大也许更狡猾的Ork击败之前他都市不停增大变强。 大王和军阀（陆地和帝国的统辖者），确凿是非常大的Orks。批注：Nobz, (Short for nobles but pronounced 'Knobs'), are the larger Ork boyz who are still smaller then the Warboss. They usually get the best pick of the weapons and armor. Nobs are usually found barking orders to mobs of boyz, but its not uncommon to find them in elite squads of their own. 垂老，是大个的Ork小子，但照旧比大王小一号。他们时常取得最良好的火器和护甲。垂老时常冲小子们喉出呼吁，但也能发明他们入伍于垂老精英小队。 The Warboss is the biggest, nastiest and toughest Ork in the warband. He is the leader of the force and is the one to give the orders. He keeps the Orks in line through his domineering personality. Warbands only ever have one Warboss, as any more would lead to combat for control of the army, however this often happens anyway. He has access to the best materials and is often given a heavy bodyguard of Nobz and sometimes a Mekboy, Mad Dok or even a transport Wartrukk. In Kult of Speed armies, he is often mounted on a bike, adding manouverable to his list of capabilities. He is the least likely to run from the ranks, as if he does, other Orks will follow him, destroying the assault. He is often targetted by the strongest of other armies due to his obvious position and high strength and toughness. 大王是一个战团中最大、最低劣也是最猛的Ork。他是戎行的元首，也是发号布令的人。他议决本身凶暴的人格使Orks调解有序。 一个战团只有一个大王，又有一个都市引发戎行抵制权的争斗，然而这种事情时常发生。他有权运用最好的装备，并且时常有昌盛的卫兵，时常是垂老，有时刻会是Mekboy，疯狂医生也许乃至一辆铁皮卡车。 在Kult of Speed戎行中，他时常骑着一辆摩托车，（后半句不明白） 他最不也许从火线逃跑，假如他这么做其他的Orks会跟他一路逃跑，然后进攻就波折了。因为他显而异见的身分和无比的实力与勇猛，时常被其他戎行的最强者视为方向。